Uniform Layered & Short Graduation Haircut
A: These are two of the more standard "cuts" in a stylist's repertoire.
Each time a new section is moved to, a portion of the previous section is used as a guide length to make sure that all the hair is cut to the same length.
The short graduation cut is another catch-all type that can refer to a number of different specific looks. There can be bob hairstyles, wedge hairstyles, and even gamine-short pixie cuts that qualify as short graduation cuts. The key word in the "short graduation cut" is "graduation". For a cut to be "graduated" it must have a transition in the length of the layers in one direction or another.
The graduation is usually from longer lengths at the upper sections of the head to shorter lengths at the lower sections. The transition in length is smooth and even without any defined lengths or notable jumps from one length to the next.
Both of these techniques can be used to create smoothly-shaped, contoured styles. Examples of uniform layering can be seen in the circle cut, while the graduated technique is used to create this short layered haircut.
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See also:
How to cut a uniform-layered haircut
How to cut a short graduated haircut
How would I cut uniform layers for medium length hair?
How do you cut the hair into a graduation cut?